- Comm Operator PPC is a powerful tool to test and debug the hardware of serial port and network with Pocket PC. It runs on PPC2003SE or WM5.0 and WM6.0. It is a robust, easy-to-use, multi-feature Serial Port communication tool.
- CommOpPPC_v1.0.exe
- ScreenSavers Wizard
- Shareware ($49.99)
- 658 Kb
- Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2005, Pocket PC
- CommLog of 5dtool is a freeware used for record and monitor the data from serial port of PocketPC. It would be useful for record data from totalstation, GPS and other rs232 device connected to PDA.
- CommLogCEDesktopSetup.zip
- 5dtool
- Freeware (Free)
- 66 Kb
- Windows
- Total Open Station (TOPS for friends) is a free software program for downloading and processing data from total station devices.This is a task which is usually done by proprietary, dedicated and Windows??a€zNz-only software, but TOPS is different by nature, because: . it is free software released under the GNU GPLv3 license; .
- totalopenstation-0.3.tar.gz
- Stefano Costa
- Freeware (Free)
- 133 Kb
- Linux
- Capture NX is an advanced application for simpler and more intuitive full-scale digital image processing and editing Capture NX is an advanced application for simpler and more intuitive full-scale digital image processing and editingImportant Note: If you receive an error message mentioning an 'incorrect region' (or similar) while installing this update, then you will need to uninstall your current version of Capture NX software, and download and install from the link below. Please have your activation code ready before removing your current version.
- S-CNX2__-226WF-NSAEN-32BIT_.exe
- Nikon Corporation
- Shareware ($)
- 52.12 Mb
- WinXP, Win2000, Win Vista, Windows 7
- Copan for Windows provides you with a useful and effective geomatics engineering tool for your desktop/laptop. It allows you to compute and manage plane land survey coordinates.It does numerous coordinate geometry (COGO) calculations, processes and. ...
- Copan.setup.exe
- Underhill Geomatics Ltd
- Freeware (Free)
- Windows 7, Windows Server 2003, Windows Me, W
- Copan Pro+DWG -- for Windows 98, NT, 2000, ME, XP, Vista, or 7 -- is a very functional and easy-to-use desktop/netbook geomatics engineering tool for computing and managing plane land surveying and mapping coordinates, and drafting survey maps and. ...
- CopanProDWG.setup.exe
- Underhill Geomatics Ltd
- Freeware (Free)
- 8.92 Mb
- Win2000, Win7 x32, Win7 x64, Win98, WinServer, WinVista, WinVista x64, WinXP
- Copan Pro -- for Windows 98, NT, 2000, ME, XP, Vista, or 7 -- is a very functional and easy-to-use desktop/netbook geomatics engineering tool for computing and managing plane land surveying and mapping coordinates, and drafting survey maps and plans.
- CopanPro.setup.exe
- Underhill Geomatics Ltd
- Freeware (Free)
- 8.92 Mb
- Win2000, Win7 x32, Win7 x64, Win98, WinServer, WinVista, WinVista x64, WinXP
- Land surveyors and civil engineers: o Calculate surveys and manage points, effortlessly o Run Copan on Windows 2K/XP/Vista/7 o Use it forever and pay nothing o Choose quadrant bearings or N/S azimuths, and gons or DMS o Create point files quickly and. ...
- CopanLite.setup.exe
- Underhill Geomatics Ltd
- Freeware (Free)
- 5.57 Mb
- Win2000, Win7 x32, Win7 x64, Win98, WinServer, WinVista, WinVista x64, WinXP
- - NEW - Adaptation for AutoCAD 2007. - NEW - Introducing the possibility of effecting multiple detachments. At detachment there was introduced another method of detachment, detachment with obliged opening. - NEW - Cutting or joining 3D models,. ...
- TopoLT
- 3D Space
- Shareware ($300.00)
- 8.2 Mb
- Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, 2003, XP, Vista
- Copan is a very efficient and easy-to-use geomatics engineering tool for computing and managing plane survey coordinates. It does numerous coordinate geometry (COGO) calculations, processes and adjusts raw field survey data, computes and adjusts map. ...
- Copan.setup.exe
- Underhill Geomatics Ltd
- Freeware (Free)
- WindowsAll
- A free and open source application for retrieving data from total stations and exporting into a variety of common formats. Written in Python, it's multiplatform and has both a GUI and a command line interface.
- Total Open Station
- tops.berlios.de
- Freeware (Free)
- Windows
- open survey station seeks to integrate the manipulation of files of total stations, with files GPS, as well as the work with levels.open survey station works with the Mysql database, GLS libs and PCRE.
- open survey station
- Martin
- Freeware (Free)
- Windows
Related:
Nikon's next generation total station is the Nivo™ Total Station, available in two exciting lines: the Nivo C Series and Nivo M Series. Both of the Nivo series are the absolute leaders for go anywhere measurement tools. Compact in size and lightweight, they are convenient to carry over long distances. The NPL-322 Total Station is an economic, versatile, and easy-touse platform that ensures you get the job done right. Nikon's legendary optics effectively allow in more light to give you brighter, clearer images. Both NPL-322 total station models feature a reflectorless EDM with up to 200 m (656 ft) range.
Nikon Total Station - Nikon Total Station Transfer - Total Station Nikon Software - Simulator Nikon Total Station - Nikon Total Station SimulatorPages : 1 | 2 | 3>
Archaeologicalsurvey using a Leica TPS1100 total station on an Iron Age dwelling in Ytterby, Sweden.
A typical prism with back target. Used with survey and 3D point monitoring systems to measure changes in elevation and position of a point.
A total station (TS) or total station theodolite (TST) is an electronic/optical instrument used for surveying and building construction. It is an electronic transit theodolite integrated with electronic distance measurement (EDM) to measure both vertical and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular point, and an on-board computer to collect data and perform triangulation calculations.[1]
Robotic or motorized total stations allow the operator to control the instrument from a distance via remote control. This eliminates the need for an assistant staff member as the operator holds the retroreflector and controls the total station from the observed point. These motorized total stations can also be used in automated setups knows as Automated Motorized Total Station (AMTS).
- 1Function
- 2Applications
Function[edit]
Angle measurement[edit]
Most total station instruments measure angles by means of electro-optical scanning of extremely precise digital bar-codes etched on rotating glass cylinders or discs within the instrument. The best quality total stations are capable of measuring angles to 0.5 arc-second. Inexpensive 'construction grade' total stations can generally measure angles to 5 or 10 arc-seconds.
Distance measurement[edit]
Measurement of distance is accomplished with a modulated infrared carrier signal, generated by a small solid-state emitter within the instrument's optical path, and reflected by a prism reflector or the object under survey. The modulation pattern in the returning signal is read and interpreted by the computer in the total station. The distance is determined by emitting and receiving multiple frequencies, and determining the integer number of wavelengths to the target for each frequency. Most total stations use purpose-built glass prism (surveying) reflectors for the EDM signal. A typical total station can measure distances with an accuracy of about 1.5 millimeters (0.0049 ft) + 2 parts per million over a distance of up to 1,500 meters (4,900 ft).[2]
Reflectorless total stations can measure distances to any object that is reasonably light in color, up to a few hundred meters.
Coordinate measurement[edit]
The coordinates of an unknown point relative to a known coordinate can be determined using the total station as long as a direct line of sight can be established between the two points. Angles and distances are measured from the total station to points under survey, and the coordinates (X, Y, and Z or easting, northing and elevation) of surveyed points relative to the total station position are calculated using trigonometry and triangulation.To determine an absolute location a Total Station requires line of sight observations and can be set up over a known point or with line of sight to 2 or more points with known location, called free stationing.[3][4]
For this reason, some total stations also have a Global Navigation Satellite System receiver and do not require a direct line of sight to determine coordinates. However, GNSS measurements may require longer occupation periods and offer relatively poor accuracy in the vertical axis.[3]
Data processing[edit]
Some models include internal electronic data storage to record distance, horizontal angle, and vertical angle measured, while other models are equipped to write these measurements to an external data collector, such as a hand-held computer.
When data is downloaded from a total station onto a computer, application software can be used to compute results and generate a map of the surveyed area. The newest generation of total stations can also show the map on the touch-screen of the instrument immediately after measuring the points.
Applications[edit]
Total stations are mainly used by land surveyors and civil engineers, either to record features as in topographic surveying or to set out features (such as roads, houses or boundaries). They are also used by archaeologists to record excavations and by police, crime scene investigators, private accident reconstructionists and insurance companies to take measurements of scenes.
Mining[edit]
Total stations are the primary survey instrument used in mining surveying.
A total station is used to record the absolute location of the tunnel walls, ceilings (backs), and floors as the drifts of an underground mine are driven. The recorded data are then downloaded into a CAD program, and compared to the designed layout of the tunnel.
The survey party installs control stations at regular intervals. These are small steel plugs installed in pairs in holes drilled into walls or the back. For wall stations, two plugs are installed in opposite walls, forming a line perpendicular to the drift. For back stations, two plugs are installed in the back, forming a line parallel to the drift.
A set of plugs can be used to locate the total station set up in a drift or tunnel by processing measurements to the plugs by intersection and resection.
Mechanical and electrical construction[edit]
Total stations have become the highest standard for most forms of construction layout.[according to whom?]
They are most often used in the X and Y axis to lay out the locations of penetrations out of the underground utilities into the foundation, between floors of a structure, as well as roofing penetrations.
Because more commercial and industrial construction jobs have become centered around building information modeling (BIM), the coordinates for almost every pipe, conduit, duct and hanger support are available with digital precision.[clarification needed] The application of communicating a virtual model to a tangible construction potentially eliminates labor costs related to moving poorly measured systems, as well as time spent laying out these systems in the midst of a full blown construction job in progress.[citation needed]
Meteorology[edit]
Meteorologists also use total stations to track weather balloons for determining upper-level winds. With the average ascent rate of the weather balloon known or assumed, the change in azimuth and elevation readings provided by the total station as it tracks the weather balloon over time are used to compute the wind speed and direction at different altitudes. Additionally, the total station is used to track ceiling balloons to determine the height of cloud layers. Such upper-level wind data is often used for aviation weather forecasting and rocket launches.
Instrument manufacturers[edit]
- Carl Zeiss (historical)
- AdirPro
- GeoMax, part of Hexagon AB
- Geotronics (historical), now part of Trimble Navigation Ltd.
- Hewlett Packard (historical)
- Leica Geosystems, part of Hexagon AB
- North Group LTD (historical)
- Sokkia, part of Topcon
- Spectra Precision, part of Trimble Navigation Ltd.
- TI Asahi Co. Ltd, sold under the Pentax brand
- Wild Heerbrugg AG (historical), part of Leica Geosystems
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Total stations. |
References[edit]
- ^Kavanagh, Barry F.; Bird, S. J. Glenn (1996). Surveying: Principles and Applications (4th ed.). Prentice Hall. pp. 257–264.
- ^Leica Flexline TS02/06/09. (2008). Leica Geosystems. See datasheet for model TS06 (PDF). Retrieved 27 August 2009
- ^ ab'Leica Viva TS11 Datasheet'. Leica Geosystems - Americas. n.d. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- ^'Purpose, Advantage, and Objective of Resection Setup'. Trimble Knowledge Center. Trimble. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Total_station&oldid=900225222'